Meme Youre Dumber Than Sand Have You Not Read the Art of War

Ancient Chinese military treatise by Sun Tzu

The Art of War

Author	(trad.) Sun Tzu
State	China
Language	Classical Chinese
Discipline	Military machine art
Publication appointment	fifth century BC
Text	The Art of War at Wikisource

The Fine art of War
Traditional Chinese	孫子兵法
Simplified Chinese	孙子兵法
Literal meaning	"Master Dominicus'due south Military machine Methods"
Transcriptions Standard Standard mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Sūnzǐ bīngfǎ Wade–Giles Sun1-tzŭ3 ping1-fa3 IPA [swə́ntsɹ̩̀ píŋfà] Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Syūnjí bīngfaat Jyutping Syuni-zi2 bing1-faat3 IPA [sýːntsǐː péŋfāːt̚] Southern Min Tâi-lô Sun-tzú ping-huat Old Chinese Baxter–Sagart (2014) *sˤun tsəʔ praŋ p.kap

The Art of War (Chinese: 孫子兵法) is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Late Bound and Fall Period (roughly fifth century BC). The piece of work, which is attributed to the aboriginal Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Sun"), is equanimous of 13 chapters. Each one is devoted to a different gear up of skills (or "art") related to warfare and how information technology applies to military strategy and tactics. For about 1,500 years it was the lead text in an album that was formalized as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Vocal in 1080. The Art of War remains the about influential strategy text in East Asian warfare^[i] and has influenced both Far Eastern and Western armed forces thinking, business concern tactics, legal strategy, lifestyles and beyond.

The book contains a detailed explanation and assay of the 5th-century BC Chinese military, from weapons and strategy to rank and bailiwick. Sun too stressed the importance of intelligence operatives and espionage to the war endeavor. Considered one of history's finest military tacticians and analysts, his teachings and strategies formed the basis of advanced armed services training for millennia to come.

The book was translated into French and published in 1772 (re-published in 1782) by the French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot. A partial translation into English was attempted by British officeholder Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905 nether the title The Volume of War. The first annotated English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910.^[2] Military and political leaders such as the Chinese communist revolutionary Mao Zedong, Japanese daimyō Takeda Shingen, Vietnamese general Võ Nguyên Giáp, and American war machine full general Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. are all cited every bit having drawn inspiration from the volume.^{[ citation needed ]}

History [edit]

Text and commentaries [edit]

The Art of War is traditionally attributed to an ancient Chinese military general known as Sun Tzu (at present Romanized "Sunzi") pregnant "Master Sun". Dominicus Tzu was traditionally said to have lived in the sixth century BC, but The Art of War 's primeval parts probably appointment to at to the lowest degree 100 years later.^[3]

Sima Qian's Records of the Chiliad Historian, the get-go of People's republic of china'south 24 dynastic histories, records an early Chinese tradition that a text on war machine matters was written by 1 "Sunday Wu" ( 孫武 ) from the Land of Qi, and that this text had been read and studied past King Helü of Wu ( r. 514 BC – 495 BC).^[4] This text was traditionally identified with the received Master Sunday'due south Art of War. The conventional view was that Sun Wu was a military theorist from the end of the Leap and Fall flow (776–471 BC) who fled his home country of Qi to the southeastern kingdom of Wu, where he is said to have impressed the rex with his ability to train even "dainty palace ladies" in warfare and to take made Wu's armies powerful plenty to challenge their western rivals in the state of Chu. This view is still widely held in Red china.^[5]

The strategist, poet, and warlord Cao Cao in the early 3rd century AD authored the earliest known commentary to the Fine art of State of war.^[4] Cao's preface makes clear that he edited the text and removed sure passages, but the extent of his changes were unclear historically.^[iv] The Art of War appears throughout the bibliographical catalogs of the Chinese dynastic histories, merely listings of its divisions and size varied widely.^[iv]

[edit]

Beginning around the 12th century, some Chinese scholars began to doubt the historical existence of Sun Tzu, primarily on the grounds that he is not mentioned in the historical archetype The Commentary of Zuo (Zuo Zhuan), which mentions almost of the notable figures from the Spring and Autumn period.^[four] The name "Dominicus Wu" ( 孫武 ) does not appear in any text prior to the Records of the G Historian,^[6] and has been suspected to exist a made-up descriptive cognomen meaning "the fugitive warrior": the surname "Sunday" is glossed equally the related term "fugitive" ( xùn , 遜 ), while "Wu" is the ancient Chinese virtue of "martial, valiant" ( wǔ , 武 ), which corresponds to Sunzi's role as the hero'due south doppelgänger in the story of Wu Zixu.^[7] In the early 20th century, the Chinese writer and reformer Liang Qichao theorized that the text was actually written in the 4th century BC by Dominicus Tzu'due south purported descendant Dominicus Bin, as a number of historical sources mention a military treatise he wrote.^[4] Different Sun Wu, Sun Bin appears to accept been an actual person who was a genuine potency on military matters, and may have been the inspiration for the creation of the historical figure "Sun Tzu" through a class of euhemerism.^[seven]

In 1972, the Yinqueshan Han slips were discovered in ii Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 Advertising) tombs near the city of Linyi in Shandong Province.^[viii] Among the many bamboo slip writings independent in the tombs, which had been sealed betwixt 134 and 118  BC, respectively were two separate texts, 1 attributed to "Dominicus Tzu", respective to the received text, and another attributed to Sun Bin, which explains and expands upon the before The Art of War by Sunzi.^[9] The Sunday Bin text's cloth overlaps with much of the "Sun Tzu" text, and the two may be "a single, continuously developing intellectual tradition united under the Sunday name".^[10] This discovery showed that much of the historical confusion was due to the fact that there were two texts that could have been referred to equally "Master Sun's Art of War", non 1.^[ix] The content of the before text is virtually one-third of the capacity of the modern The Fine art of War, and their text matches very closely.^[8] Information technology is now generally accustomed that the earlier The Art of State of war was completed sometime between 500 and 430 BC.^[9]

The thirteen chapters [edit]

The Art of War is divided into 13 chapters (or piān ); the collection is referred to every bit being one zhuàn ("whole" or alternatively "chronicle").

The Art of War chapter names and contents

Affiliate	Lionel Giles (1910)[11]	R. 50. Wing (1988)	Ralph D. Sawyer (1996)	Chow-Hou Wee (2003)	Michael Nylan (2020)	Contents
I	Laying Plans	The Calculations	Initial Estimations	Detail Assessment and Planning (Chinese: 始計)	Commencement Calculations	Explores the 5 fundamental factors (the Style, seasons, terrain, leadership, and management) and seven elements that make up one's mind the outcomes of armed forces engagements. Past thinking, assessing and comparing these points, a commander tin calculate his chances of victory. Habitual divergence from these calculations will ensure failure via improper activeness. The text stresses that state of war is a very grave thing for the state and must non exist commenced without due consideration.
Ii	Waging War	The Challenge	Waging War	Waging War (Chinese: 作戰)	Initiating Boxing	Explains how to understand the economy of warfare and how success requires winning decisive engagements quickly. This section advises that successful military campaigns crave limiting the cost of competition and conflict.
III	Set on past Stratagem	The Program of Assault	Planning Offensives	Strategic Attack (Chinese: 謀攻)	Planning an Attack	Defines the source of strength equally unity, non size, and discusses the five factors that are needed to succeed in any war. In order of importance, these critical factors are: Attack, Strategy, Alliances, Army and Cities.
Iv	Tactical Dispositions	Positioning	Military Disposition	Disposition of the Army (Chinese: 軍形)	Forms to Perceive	Explains the importance of defending existing positions until a commander is capable of advancing from those positions in safety. It teaches commanders the importance of recognizing strategic opportunities, and teaches not to create opportunities for the enemy.
V	Use of Energy	Directing	Strategic Military Power	Forces (Chinese: 兵勢)	The Disposition of Ability	Explains the use of inventiveness and timing in building an army's momentum.
VI	Weak Points and Stiff	Illusion and Reality	Vacuity and Substance	Weaknesses and Strengths (Chinese: 虛實)	Weak and Strong	Explains how an army's opportunities come from the openings in the surround caused past the relative weakness of the enemy and how to respond to changes in the fluid battlefield over a given expanse.
Vii	Maneuvering an Army	Engaging The Strength	Military machine Combat	Military Maneuvers (Chinese: 軍爭)	Contending Armies	Explains the dangers of directly disharmonize and how to win those confrontations when they are forced upon the commander.
Viii	Variation of Tactics	The Nine Variations	Nine Changes	Variations and Adaptability (Chinese: 九變)	Nine Contingencies	Focuses on the need for flexibility in an regular army'south responses. It explains how to respond to shifting circumstances successfully.
Ix	The Regular army on the March	Moving The Forcefulness	Maneuvering the Army	Movement and Development of Troops (Chinese: 行軍)	Fielding the Army	Describes the unlike situations in which an ground forces finds itself as it moves through new enemy territories, and how to reply to these situations. Much of this section focuses on evaluating the intentions of others.
X	Nomenclature of Terrain	Situational Positioning	Configurations of Terrain	Terrain (Chinese: 地形)	Conformations of the Lands	Looks at the three general areas of resistance (distance, dangers and barriers) and the six types of ground positions that arise from them. Each of these six field positions offers certain advantages and disadvantages.
XI	The Nine Situations	The Nine Situations	Nine Terrains	The Nine Battlegrounds (Chinese: 九地)	Nine Kinds of Ground	Describes the nine common situations (or stages) in a campaign, from scattering to mortiferous, and the specific focus that a commander will need in order to successfully navigate them.
XII	Attack by Fire	The Peppery Assault	Incendiary Attacks	Attacking with Fire (Chinese: 火攻)	Attacks with Fire	Explains the general use of weapons and the specific use of the environment as a weapon. This department examines the five targets for attack, the five types of ecology attack and the appropriate responses to such attacks.
XIII	Apply of Spies	The Use of Intelligence	Employing Spies	Intelligence and Espionage (Chinese: 用間)	Using Spies	Focuses on the importance of developing good information sources, and specifies the five types of intelligence sources and how to best manage each of them.

Cultural influence [edit]

Military and intelligence applications [edit]

Across Eastern asia, The Art of War was function of the syllabus for potential candidates of military service examinations.

During the Sengoku period (c.  1467–1568), the Japanese daimyō Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) is said to have go almost invincible in all battles without relying on guns, because he studied The Art of War.^[12] The book even gave him the inspiration for his famous battle standard "Fūrinkazan" (Wind, Forest, Fire and Mountain), pregnant fast as the current of air, silent as a forest, ferocious every bit fire and immovable every bit a mountain.

The translator Samuel B. Griffith offers a chapter on "Sun Tzu and Mao Tse-Tung" where The Art of War is cited as influencing Mao's On Guerrilla Warfare, On the Protracted War and Strategic Problems of Mainland china'south Revolutionary State of war, and includes Mao's quote: "Nosotros must not belittle the saying in the book of Dominicus Wu Tzu, the great military practiced of ancient Prc, 'Know your enemy and know yourself and you can fight a thousand battles without disaster.'"^[12]

During the Vietnam War, some Vietcong officers extensively studied The Art of War and reportedly could recite entire passages from retentivity. Full general Võ Nguyên Giáp successfully implemented tactics described in The Art of State of war during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu ending major French involvement in Indochina and leading to the accords which partitioned Vietnam into Northward and S. Full general Võ, after the master PVA military commander in the Vietnam State of war, was an avid pupil and practitioner of Sun Tzu'due south ideas.^[13] America's defeat in that location, more than than whatever other upshot, brought Sun Tzu to the attention of leaders of U.S. armed services theory.^{[13] [14] [15]}

The Department of the Ground forces in the United States, through its Control and General Staff Higher, lists The Art of War as one example of a book that may be kept at a military machine unit's library.^[16]

The Art of State of war is listed on the Marine Corps Professional Reading Programme (formerly known as the Commandant'south Reading List). Information technology is recommended reading for all United States Military Intelligence personnel.^[17]

The Fine art of War is used as instructional material at the U.s.a. Military Academy at West Point, in the course Military Strategy (470),^[18] and it is also recommended reading for Officer cadets at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. Some notable military leaders have stated the following most Lord's day Tzu and The Art of State of war:

"I always kept a re-create of The Fine art of War on my desk."^[19] – Full general Douglas MacArthur, five Star General & Supreme Commander for the Centrolineal Powers.

"I have read The Art of State of war by Sun Tzu. He continues to influence both soldiers & politicians."^[20] – General Colin Powell, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, National Security Advisor, and Secretary of State.

According to some authors, the strategy of deception from The Fine art of War was studied and widely used by the KGB: "I will forcefulness the enemy to accept our forcefulness for weakness, and our weakness for strength, and thus will turn his force into weakness".^[21] The book is widely cited by KGB officers in accuse of disinformation operations in Vladimir Volkoff's novel Le Montage.

Finnish Field Marshal Mannerheim and general Aksel Airo were avid readers of Art of War; Airo kept the volume on his bedside table in his quarters.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Application outside the military [edit]

The Art of War has been practical to many fields exterior of the military. Much of the text is about how to outsmart one'due south opponent without really having to appoint in physical battle. As such, it has establish application as a training guide for many competitive endeavors that practise not involve actual combat.

The Art of War is mentioned as an influence in the earliest known Chinese collection of stories about fraud (mostly in the realm of commerce), Zhang Yingyu's The Book of Swindles ( Du pian xin shu , 杜騙新書 , c.  1617), which dates to the late Ming dynasty.^[22]

Many concern books have applied the lessons taken from the book to office politics and corporate business strategy.^{[23] [24] [25]} Many Japanese companies make the book required reading for their key executives.^[26] The volume is also popular among Western business circles citing its commonsensical values regarding management practices. Many entrepreneurs and corporate executives take turned to it for inspiration and advice on how to succeed in competitive business situations. The volume has also been practical to the field of education.^[27]

The Art of War has been the discipline of legal books^[28] and legal manufactures on the trial process, including negotiation tactics and trial strategy.^{[29] [30] [31] [32]}

The volume The 48 Laws of Power past Robert Greene employs philosophies covered in The Fine art of War.^[33]

The Art of War has also been applied in sports. National Football League motorbus Bill Belichick, record holder of the well-nigh Super Basin wins in history, has stated on multiple occasions his admiration for The Art of War.^{[34] [35]} Brazilian clan football omnibus Luiz Felipe Scolari actively used The Art of War for Brazil's successful 2002 World Cup campaign. During the tournament Scolari put passages of The Art of War underneath his players' doors in the night.^{[36] [37]}

The Art of War is frequently quoted while developing tactics and/or strategy in esports. "Play To Win" by David Sirlin analyses applications of the ideas from The Art of State of war in modern esports. The Art of War was released in 2014 as an due east-book companion aslope the Art of State of war DLC for Europa Universalis IV, a PC strategy game by Paradox Development Studios, with a foreword by Thomas Johansson.

Film and boob tube [edit]

The Art of War and Sunday Tzu accept been referenced and quoted in many movies and television shows, including In the 1987 movie Wall Street, Gordon Gekko (Michael Douglas) frequently references information technology ^[38] The 20th James Bail film, Die Another Mean solar day (2002) likewise references The Art of War as the spiritual guide shared by Colonel Moon and his father.^[39] and in The Sopranos. In flavor 3, episode 8 ("He Is Risen"), Dr. Melfi suggests to Tony Soprano that he read the book.^[40] and the Star Trek: The Adjacent Generation first-season episode "The Final Outpost", William Riker quotes The Art of War to Captain Picard, who expressed pleasance that Lord's day Tzu was yet taught at Starfleet Academy. Afterwards in the episode, a survivor from a long-expressionless nonhuman empire noted common aspects betwixt his own people'southward wisdom and The Art of War with regard to knowing when and when not to fight.^{[ citation needed ]}

The Art of War is a 2000 activity spy film directed by Christian Duguay and starring Wesley Snipes, Michael Biehn, Anne Archer and Donald Sutherland.^[41]

Notable translations [edit]

• Sun Tzu on the Art of War. Translated by Lionel Giles. London: Luzac and Company. 1910.
• The Art of War. Translated by Samuel B. Griffith. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1963. ISBN978-0-19-501476-1. Role of the UNESCO Drove of Representative Works.
• Sun Tzu, The Fine art of State of war. Translated past Thomas Cleary. Boston: Shambhala Dragon Editions. 1988. ISBN978-0877734529.
• The Art of Warfare. Translated past Roger Ames. Random House. 1993. ISBN978-0-345-36239-1. .
• The Art of War. Translated by John Minford. New York: Viking. 2002. ISBN978-0-670-03156-6.
• The Art of War: Sunzi's Military Methods. Translated by Victor H. Mair. New York: Columbia University Printing. 2007. ISBN978-0-231-13382-1.
• The Art of State of war. Translated by Peter Harris. Everyman'southward Library. 2018. ISBN978-1101908006.
• The Science of War: Sun Tzu's Fine art of War re-translated and re-considered. Translated by Christopher MacDonald. Hong Kong: Earnshaw Books. 2018. ISBN978-988-8422-69-two.
• The Art of State of war. Translated by Michael Nylan. West.Westward. Norton & Company, Inc. 2020. ISBN9781324004899.

Come across too [edit]

Concepts [edit]

• Military treatise
• Philosophy of war

Books [edit]

• Commentarii de Bello Gallico (Commentaries on the Gallic War) past Julius Caesar
• The Art of War by Niccolò Machiavelli
• Arthashastra
• The Book of Five Rings (Miyamoto Musashi)
• Seven Military Classics
• Dream Pool Essays past Shen Kuo
• Huolongjing by Liu Bowen
• Hagakure past Yamamoto Tsunetomo
• Epitoma rei militaris by Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus
• Guerrilla Warfare by Che Guevara
• On Protracted War by Mao Zedong
• On War by Carl von Clausewitz
• Records of the Grand Historian
• The 33 Strategies of State of war
• Thirty-Six Stratagems
• The Utility of Force by General Sir Rupert Smith
• Seven Pillars of Wisdom past T. East. Lawrence
• Bansenshukai
• Infanterie Greift An by Erwin Rommel
• History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides
• The Jewish War past Josephus
• The Science of Military Strategy
• The Influence of Bounding main Power upon History by Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

1. ^ Smith (1999), p. 216.
2. ^ Giles, Lionel The Art of War by Sun Tzu – Special Edition. Special Edition Books. 2007. p. 62.
3. ^ Lewis (1999), p. 604.
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Gawlikowski & Loewe (1993), p. 447.
5. ^ Mair (2007), pp. 12–13.
6. ^ Mair (2007), p. 9.
7. ^ ^{a b} Mair (2007), p. 10.
8. ^ ^{a b} Gawlikowski & Loewe (1993), p. 448.
9. ^ ^{a b c} Gawlikowski & Loewe (1993), p. 449.
10. ^ Mark Edward Lewis (2005), quoted in Mair (2007), p. 18.
11. ^ Sunzi (2009). Shawn Conners (ed.). Sunday-tzu ping fa [The art of war]. Translated by Lionel Giles (Classic ed.). El Paso, TX: El Paso Norte Printing. ISBN978-ane-934255-fifteen-5. OCLC 433665014.
12. ^ ^{a b} Griffith, Samuel B. The Illustrated Art of War. 2005. Oxford University Press. pp. 17, 141–43.
13. ^ ^{a b} McCready, Douglas. Learning from Dominicus Tzu, War machine Review, May–June 2003."Learning from Sun Tzu". Archived from the original on 2011-x-eleven. Retrieved 2009-12-19 .
14. ^ Interview with Dr. William Duiker, Conversation with Sonshi
15. ^ Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2012). The Illustrated Art of War: Sun Tzu. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN B00B91XX8U
16. ^ Army, U. S. (1985). Military History and Professional Development. U. S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute. 85-CSI-21 85.
17. ^ "Messages".
18. ^ "Department of Military Instruction Task Opportunities | U.s.a. Armed services Academy Westward Bespeak". westpoint.edu . Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
19. ^ United States Military Posture for FY1989 (Washington, DC: U.South. Regime Press Part, 1989), 5–6, 93–94.
20. ^ "Chinese Armed services Strategist Sun Tzu Reveals Secrets to Success | Leaderonomics".
21. ^ Yevgenia Albats and Catherine A. Fitzpatrick. The State Within a State: The KGB and Its Agree on Russia – Past, Nowadays, and Future. 1994. ISBN 0-374-52738-v, chapter Who was backside perestroika?
22. ^ "Search Results | book of swindles | Columbia University Printing". Columbia University Printing.
23. ^ Michaelson, Gerald. "Sun Tzu: The Art of State of war for Managers; 50 Strategic Rules." Avon, MA: Adams Media, 2001
24. ^ McNeilly, Mark. "Sunday Tzu and the Fine art of Business concern : Half dozen Strategic Principles for Managers. New York:Oxford University Press, 1996.
25. ^ Krause, Donald G. "The Art of War for Executives: Aboriginal Knowledge for Today'south Business organization Professional." New York: Berkley Publishing Group, 1995.
26. ^ Kammerer, Peter. "The Art of Negotiation." South China Morn Post (April 21, 2006) p. fifteen
27. ^ Jeffrey, D (2010). "A Instructor Diary Report to Apply Ancient Art of War Strategies to Professional Evolution". The International Journal of Learning. 7 (3): 21–36.
28. ^ Barnhizer, David. The Warrior Lawyer: Powerful Strategies for Winning Legal Battles Irvington-on-Hudson, NY: Bridge Street Books, 1997.
29. ^ Balch, Christopher D., "The Art of War and the Art of Trial Advocacy: Is There Common Basis?" (1991), 42 Mercer Fifty. Rev. 861–73
30. ^ Beirne, Martin D. and Scott D. Marrs, The Art of State of war and Public Relations: Strategies for Successful Litigation
31. ^ Pribetic, Antonin I., "The Trial Warrior: Applying Sun Tzu'south The Art of War to Trial Advocacy" April 21, 2007
32. ^ Solomon, Samuel H., "The Fine art of War: Pursuing Electronic Evidence every bit Your Corporate Opportunity"
33. ^ "The 48 Laws of Power by Robert Greene". Penguin Random House Canada . Retrieved 2020-10-27 .
34. ^ Lauletta, Tyler. "Bill Belichick explains how communication from Lord's day Tzu'southward 'The Art of War' helped build the Patriots dynasty". Business Insider . Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
35. ^ "Put crafty Belichick's patriot games downwards to the fine art of war". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2005-02-04. Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
36. ^ July 2011, Celso de Campos Jr 01 (July 2011). "Luiz Felipe Scolari: One-on-One". fourfourtwo.com . Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
37. ^ Winter, Henry (June 29, 2006). "Mind games reach new high every bit Scolari studies art of state of war". Irish Contained.
38. ^ "Bud Fox: Sun-tzu: If your enemy is superior, evade him. If aroused, irritate him. If equally matched, fight, and if not split and reevaluate". www.quotes.net . Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
39. ^ Die Another Day (2002) - IMDb , retrieved 2020-06-05
40. ^ Earth, Boston. "Hey, if Tony's reading information technology, it'south got to be proficient". baltimoresun.com . Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
41. ^ "The Art of War (2000) - IMDb". IMDb.

Sources [edit]

• Gawlikowski, Krzysztof; Loewe, Michael (1993). "Sun tzu ping fa 孫子兵法". In Loewe, Michael (ed.). Early on Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide. Berkeley, CA: Society for the Study of Early China; Institute of East Asian Studies, Academy of California, Berkeley. pp. 446–55. ISBN978-1-55729-043-4.
• Graff, David A. (2002). Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900. Warfare and History. London: Routledge. ISBN978-0415239554.
• Griffith, Samuel (2005). Dominicus Tzu: The Illustrated Art of War. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0195189995.
• Lewis, Marker Edward (1999). "Warring States Political History". In Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward (eds.). The Cambridge History of Aboriginal Prc. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 587–650. ISBN978-0-521-47030-eight.
• Mair, Victor H. (2007). The Fine art of State of war: Dominicus Zi's Military Methods. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN978-0-231-13382-one.
• Smith, Kidder (1999). "The Military Texts: The Sunzi". In de Bary, Wm. Theodore (ed.). Sources of Chinese Tradition: From Primeval Times to 1600, Book ane (2d ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 213–24. ISBN978-0-231-10938-3.
• Yuen, Derek M. C. (2014). Deciphering Sun Tzu: How to Read 'The Art of State of war' . Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0199373512.
• Вєдєнєєв, Д. В.; Гавриленко, О. А.; Кубіцький, С. О. (2017). Остроухова, В. В. (ed.). Еволюція воєнного мистецтва: у two ч.

External links [edit]

• The Art of State of war at Standard Ebooks
• The Art of War Chinese-English language bilingual edition, Chinese Text Project
• The Art of War at Project Gutenberg translated past Lionel Giles (1910)
• The Fine art of War at Project Gutenberg translated (with Chinese text) by Lionel Giles (1910)
• The Book of War at Project Gutenberg translated by E.F. Calthrop (1908)
• The Art of War public domain audiobook at LibriVox (English and Chinese original available)
• Dominicus Tzu's Fine art of War at Sonshi (annal.today) Culling link
• Sun Tzu and Data Warfare at the Plant for National Strategic Studies of National Defense Academy
• eleven The Nine Situations | The Art of War by Sun Tzu (Animated)
• The Fine art of War illustrated version, on Theoriq.com

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_War

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